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Insuring a plant against the state that hosts it

What separates expropriation from a hostile tax measure, why the date of the triggering event decides everything, and how to prove a loss of control that no decree ever announced. Here the insured object is an immobilized asset, and the counterparty is the state hosting it.

Political risk49 modules6 courses, about 1 hr 15 each

Who it is for

Political risk underwriters, treasury legal counsel, international project teams, country risk analysts, large-account brokers.

What you will be able to do

  • Classify a fact as expropriation, creeping expropriation, non-transfer or sovereign contract breach, and say which of the four prevails when several overlap.
  • Build the evidence of a triggering event that leaves no official record, and place the notification between the duty to notify without delay and the requirement of a constituted loss.
  • Separate the legitimate exercise of regulatory power from a compensable creeping expropriation, and date the latter to the day effective control was lost rather than to the day that pays best.
  • Read a waiting-period clause and say what it actually takes away from blocked cash.
  • Attach a political business interruption to covered physical damage link by link, and say where the chain breaks when nothing was broken.
  • State what a sovereign contract breach cover requires before it pays, and what an arbitral award changes in the file.
  • Assess what a recourse against a state can actually recover, separating immunity from jurisdiction from immunity from execution.
  • Reconstruct the indemnity period of an immobilized asset, and the counterfactual world the calculation compares it to.
  • Weigh settling with the state to limit the damage against preserving the recourse, saying what each branch costs.
  • Separate taxation that changes from taxation that expropriates, naming the markers that make the good faith tax exclusion give way.
  • Place an investor within the structure that holds it, minority shareholder, interposed holding or lender, and say what each can establish about one and the same loss.
  • Assess what a multilateral guarantee or a bilateral treaty actually adds to a policy, and what a change of ownership can take away from them.
  • Weigh a retention, a captive or a retained share across a portfolio of countries, spotting the common factors that geographic spread conceals.
  • Take apart a placement structure, coinsurance, reinsurance or tower, and say who actually decides what the insured was sold.
  • Run a claim through time: mitigation before knowing whether cover applies, notification, then a measure reversed that hands back an emptied asset.
  • Read a forum and governing law clause and say what dispute resolution will cost against what is at stake.
  • Recognize what in a file comes not from the state but from the partner, the broker or the structure, and say what remains covered.
  • Handle the cases that fall outside this certification's rule: the mobile asset that could have been moved, and the intangible asset that keeps producing without its owner.

The syllabus

What event occurred, and under which cover?

8 modules · about 1 hr 15

  1. 01Classifying the fact: four covers that overlap · 6 min of readingFree module
  2. 02Political violence, and the loss nothing broke · 9 min of reading
  3. 03Creeping expropriation, reconstructed and dated · 9 min of reading
  4. 04Sovereign tax measures: hostile act or ordinary sovereignty · 10 min of reading
  5. 05The war exclusion: attribution decides, and nobody holds it · 10 min of reading
  6. 06Ordinary sovereignty: being able to defend a refusal · 10 min of reading
  7. 07The environmental standard: when the state's good faith is not the question · 10 min of reading
  8. 08Personnel: what neither of the two policies covers · 9 min of reading

How to prove and date what the State never put in writing

8 modules · about 1 hr 15

  1. 01Proving the fact: the record no state will issue · 9 min of reading
  2. 02The known and the foreseeable: what the investor had to disclose · 10 min of reading
  3. 03Slowness or refusal: when a queue becomes a covered loss · 10 min of reading
  4. 04Mitigation: acting before knowing whether one is covered · 10 min of reading
  5. 05Imposed renegotiation: signing, and creating the opposing exhibit yourself · 10 min of reading
  6. 06Temporary requisition: six months announced, three years gone · 10 min of reading
  7. 07The value of an asset one can no longer visit · 10 min of reading
  8. 08Exiting under pressure: the discount nobody indemnifies · 10 min of reading

How much, and over what period?

7 modules · about 1 hr 15

  1. 01The waiting period, and what actually decides the amount · 9 min of reading
  2. 02The indemnity period, and the world where the loss never happened · 10 min of reading
  3. 03The measure revoked: indemnified, then handed back a shell · 10 min of reading
  4. 04Settlement in kind: selling the dispute rather than running it · 10 min of reading
  5. 05The blocked shareholder loan: a debt the exchange authority cannot see · 9 min of reading
  6. 06Trademark and know-how: the plant still produces, under your name · 10 min of reading
  7. 07The immobilised mobile asset: the exception that lights up the rule · 10 min of reading

Who lost what, and who can establish it?

7 modules · about 1 hr 15

  1. 01Lender and shareholder: one decree, two different losses · 10 min of reading
  2. 02The minority shareholder: suffering without being able to establish · 10 min of reading
  3. 03The interposed holding: who lost what, exactly · 10 min of reading
  4. 04The counterparty's force majeure: the state creates the event, its emanation invokes it · 10 min of reading
  5. 05The broker: informing is not persuading, and the order of actions decides · 9 min of reading
  6. 06One event, several insureds: limits are not counted the same on both sides · 10 min of reading
  7. 07Selling the asset: the policy does not follow, and the gap has a precise hour · 9 min of reading

What is my recourse against a State worth?

8 modules · about 1 hr 15

  1. 01Sovereign contract breach, and the cover that demands an award first · 9 min of reading
  2. 02Subrogation against a state, or why winning is not recovering · 9 min of reading
  3. 03Settling with the state: mitigating the loss against preserving the recourse · 9 min of reading
  4. 04The multilateral guarantee: one buys a shareholder, not a wording · 10 min of reading
  5. 05The bilateral treaty: the remedy that can empty itself by changing hands · 10 min of reading
  6. 06Forum and governing law: the clause nobody reads that decides everything · 10 min of reading
  7. 07Sanctions striking the insured: frozen is not extinguished · 10 min of reading
  8. 08Reinvesting with the state that took from you: the order of signatures · 10 min of reading

How this risk is placed, and will it hold to the end?

11 modules · about 1 hr 45

  1. 01The captive: eight countries do not make eight risks · 10 min of reading
  2. 02The retained share: what ten per cent buys, and what placing it elsewhere costs · 11 min of reading
  3. 03Co-insurance: several identical policies of which only one is administered · 10 min of reading
  4. 04The reinsurance you never see, and what it decides about your cover · 10 min of reading
  5. 05Fifteen years of asset, one year of policy: who carries non-renewal · 10 min of reading
  6. 06Renewal after a loss: withdrawal is rarely expressed as a refusal · 10 min of reading
  7. 07Mid-term withdrawal: three years binding one party only · 10 min of reading
  8. 08The sovereign rating: an opinion about debt, mistaken for a measure of risk · 9 min of reading
  9. 09The logistics chokepoint: ten contracts, three countries, one line · 9 min of reading
  10. 10The underwriter's grid: what causes a decline rather than a higher rate · 10 min of reading
  11. 11When not to insure, and what must be kept up instead · 9 min of reading

The assessment

The certification is validated by a multiple-choice assessment, unproctored and with a public answer key. It gates delivery of the certificate at the threshold below; it does not prove knowledge under supervision.

34 questionsthreshold 80 %

What this certification does not prove

This certification attests to an understanding of the contractual mechanisms and of how facts are classified on an asset held abroad. It attests to no underwriting experience, no professional authorization, no competence in international arbitration, and it prepares for no regulatory examination. It does not cover export credit or non-payment, which are the subject of a separate certification.

Part of the specialization

Political risk

What the Academy is, and what it is not

Private certification issued by AlgoPolis under its sole authority. It is not registered with France Compétences, in either the RNCP or the specific register, and does not qualify for the French personal training account.

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