Technique of removing server heat by circulating a coolant fluid close to the components.
Liquid cooling removes server heat by circulating a coolant fluid close to the components, or even directly onto the chips, rather than relying on air ventilation alone. Far more effective than air at dissipating high thermal densities, it has become necessary for graphics processor clusters dedicated to training large artificial intelligence models, whose per-rack power exceeds what air can absorb. For insurance, liquid cooling introduces a new risk: the presence of fluid in immediate proximity to high-value electronics creates an internal leak and water damage peril, distinct from classic thermal risks. The failure of a cooling loop can simultaneously damage costly equipment and cause a business interruption. The technological novelty of the process also complicates loss frequency estimation for lack of sufficient market history.
A leak on a direct-to-chip cooling loop can damage a graphics processor cluster worth several million, combining property damage and business interruption.
liquid cooling, refroidissement liquide, direct-to-chip