CMNI Convention (inland waterway carriage of goods)
The Budapest Convention that unifies the liability of inland waterway cargo carriers in Europe, on the model of maritime rules, with limits per package or per kilogram.
The Budapest Convention on the Contract for the Carriage of Goods by Inland Waterway, known as CMNI, applies when the port of loading or delivery is in a state party and the contract covers international inland waterway transport, on the Rhine, the Danube or the networks linking them. It draws on maritime rules: the carrier is liable for loss and damage occurring between taking over and delivery, unless it proves the damage resulted from circumstances a diligent carrier could not have avoided, and several excepted perils mirror those of the Hague-Visby Rules, including nautical fault if the contract so provides. Its liability is limited to 666.67 SDR per package or 2 SDR per kilogram, whichever is higher. For the cargo insurer, it makes the recovery action against the barge operator predictable, in a mode where bulk freight, grain, ore, containers, carries heavy value.
Signed in Budapest on June 22, 2001 and in force since April 1, 2005, the convention limits the liability of a barge operator who loses 1,000 tons of grain between Rotterdam and Strasbourg to 2 million SDR, that is 2 SDR per kilogram.
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