2002 Athens Convention (sea passengers)
The IMO convention that makes a sea passenger carrier strictly liable for death and injury caused by a shipping incident, up to 250,000 SDR per passenger, with compulsory insurance.
The Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, as amended by its 2002 Protocol, greatly strengthened the protection of cruise ship and ferry passengers. For death or injury resulting from a shipping incident, shipwreck, capsizing, collision, stranding, explosion, fire or defect in the ship, the carrier is strictly liable up to 250,000 special drawing rights per passenger, and beyond that, up to 400,000, unless it proves it was not at fault. For other causes, the victim must prove fault. The carrier must hold insurance covering at least the first tier, evidenced by a certificate, and the victim may act directly against the insurer, in practice the P&I club. War and terrorism risks are subject to a separate limit, which clubs cover through a specific guarantee structure, since no market can absorb the general limit.
The 2002 Protocol came into force on April 23, 2014, but the European Union had already applied its regime since December 31, 2012, through Regulation (EC) No 392/2009 of April 23, 2009, which also extends it to certain domestic sea voyages.
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